The idea of turning a lightweight and maneuverable inflatable kayak into a fully-fledged motorized vessel is visited by many water-engines tired of monotonous work with oars on long crossings. It is not just a way to save energy, but also the opportunity to significantly expand the geography of their exits, covering three to four times the distance in a day than when rowing. kayaker It was not originally designed to install the engine, which creates a number of structural and legal difficulties that must be considered.
The introduction of a power unit requires careful analysis of the strength of the hull, choosing the right attachment transom and understanding the hydrodynamics of a narrow-hull vessel. Mistakes in the design phase can lead not only to the breakdown of expensive equipment, but also to dangerous situations on the water, when the loss of control at full speed becomes a matter of life and death. Attention.: Before buying a transom, make sure that your kayak model structurally allows the installation of the motor, as many manufacturers explicitly prohibit this in the instructions.
In this article, we will discuss in detail all aspects of modernization, from the choice between electric and gasoline engines, to the legal subtleties of registration in GIMS. You will learn how to properly strengthen the feed, what types of fasteners exist for different types of kayaks and why The maximum power of the motor for most inflatable kayaks is limited to 3-5 hp. because of the design features of the bottom and cylinders.
Design features and choice of transom
The first and most critical step is to assess the possibility of installing the engine. Baidark, unlike flat-bottom or classic boats, have a narrow hull and often narrowed, raised stern. The standard hinged transom used on PVC boats may not be suitable here because of the shape of the cylinders or the lack of a rigid stop. There are several basic types of mounts, each of which has its pros and cons depending on the design of your boat.
The most common solution is prairieIt is important that the contact area is maximum and the pressure is evenly distributed, otherwise, when the engine is running at high speeds, scuffles may form or, worse, depressurization of the seams. For kayaks with a rigid frame (collapsible), special brackets are often used that are fixed on the trunk or longitudinal stringers, which provides a more rigid communication "motor-hull".
The second option is stationaryIf you're planning to buy a kayak directly for an outboard motor, look for models labeled "motorizable" or "motorizable." They already have a reinforced transom slab of moisture-resistant plywood or composite built into the stern design. Installing the motor on a regular tourist kayak without reinforcing the stern is a risk that can lead to deformation of the stern under the propeller's support.
⚠️ Warning: Never attach the transom to just one cylinder or just a soft flooring, but the emphasis should be on rigid structural elements or distributed throughout the width of the stern to avoid skewing and slipping the motor under water.
When choosing or manufacturing a transom, consider the height of the lower unit motor. Baidarks have a low side, and a standard lower unit can be too long, which will lead to excessive immersion of the screw and loss of efficiency, or, conversely, the screw will capture air on the wave. Sometimes you need to make a transmolant with an adjustable angle of inclination or use of an elongated lower unit for the purpose of the car. electric motors.
The power selection plant: gasoline or electricity?
The dilemma of engine choice is one that faces anyone who has decided to upgrade their boat, and on the one hand, petrol two-stroke engines offer high power specifications and autonomy, which are critical for long-distance hikes, and on the other hand, electric motors are gaining popularity due to their quietness, environmental friendliness and ease of maintenance, which is ideal for fishing and cruising in protected areas.
Gasoline engines up to 5 hp (and often up to 2.5 hp for light kayaks) allow speeds of up to 10-12 km / h However, they create vibration that is transmitted to the lightweight body of the kayak, and require mixing fuel. Two-stroke engines They're also noisier, which can scare off fish if you use a fishing boat. For kayaks, it's common to choose short-dadewood models (S - Short shaft) so that the center of gravity doesn't shift too much upward.
Secrets of fuel economy on small boats
On a narrow-hull kayak, economical mode occurs at 30-40% of power. Full-gas driving dramatically increases water resistance and fuel consumption, so for long-distance crossings it is better to keep in the range of 3000-3500 rpm.
Electric motors, such as popular models Min Kota or HaswingThey are silent, they don't require registration (if power is less than 0.8 kW or 1 hp, although the rules change, see the section on GIMS) and they don't produce exhaust. The main disadvantage is the dependence on battery capacity. Lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries allow you to significantly reduce weight, which is a key factor for a kayaking, but the cost of such a kit will be higher than that of a gasoline analog.
Comparison of the main specifications for selection:
| Parameter | Gasoline (2-5 hp) | Electric (12V) |
|---|---|---|
| Weight of kit | 12-18 kg (motor + tank) | 15-25 kg (motor + battery) |
| Power reserve. | 100+ km (depending on the tank) | 15-30 km (depends on the battery) |
| Noise and vibration | High. | Absent. |
| Service | Regular (candles, butter) | Minimum |
Tuning kayaks: strengthening and balancing
Installing the motor is only half the battle, a lightweight kayak that gets extra traction changes its driving performance, risks sprawling (nose wag) and loss of course stability, especially in lateral waves. To turn a pleasure boat into a serious vessel, it often requires design modifications aimed at improving hydrodynamics and weight distribution.
The first thing you need to do is to organize the right thing. loadingThe motor and the battery (or fuel tank) create a significant weight on the stern. If you do not compensate for this with a load in the bow, the kayak will catch the nose, which will lead to reduced speed and poor handling. Experienced boaters recommend placing the battery in a special sealant box in the nose, connecting it to the motor with elongated wires.
Use 20-30 litre sealed plastic boxes as seats or cargo bays, and not only will they keep things dry, they will also be a great ballast for leveling the boat's differential.
The second important aspect is the installation fin. Motor kayaks often use removable plastic or metal keels in the aft of the bottom, which prevent yaw and help to keep the course, especially when driving against the wind. Inflatable kayaks, there are models of keels that are mounted on Velcro straps or in special pockets without requiring the body to be glued.
It's also worth taking care of protecting the transom and the cylinders, and in case of sudden maneuvers or on the wave, the motor can hit the soft sides. boulder (inflatable or foam) along the stern or using protective linings made of dense fabric (rubbered) will preserve the integrity of the kayak. Remember that the vibration of the motor over time grinds the fabric, so (regular inspection) of the attachment sites is mandatory.
Control and navigation on a motor kayak
Controlling a kayak with a motor is radically different from controlling a fun or classic motorboat: low landing, lack of a full-fledged tiller (in the classical sense), and high sailing require new skills. The kayak motor is often controlled by a tiller vomit (tether), which gives less tactile feedback than a hard tiller.
When driving on a planing (if the kayak and motor allow you to enter this mode) or even on a displacement course, it is important to keep the course correctly. Baidarka is very sensitive to shifting the steering wheel and roll. A sharp addition of gas can lead to the boat diving with its nose or, conversely, to delay it ("goat"). Smoothness The main rule of operation with gas on narrow-hull vessels.
☑️ Safety before exit
Navigation on a motor kayak has its own specifications due to the low height of the driver's landing. View is limited, especially in reed thickets or on the wave. It is recommended to use navigation gadgets with remote antennas or mount a tablet / smartphone in a waterproof case at eye level. GPS trackers help to keep track in large water areas where visual landmarks can disappear.
⚠️ Attention: On a kayak (very easy) to lose balance when you turn abruptly at speed. Always slow down before maneuvering and keep your center of gravity low. Don't stand up full-length while driving.
Legal aspects and registration in GIMS
The issue of registration of a kayak with a motor in the State Inspectorate for Small-Sized Vessels (GIMS) is often controversial, the legislation clearly defines the criteria: a boat is subject to registration if its mass in running order exceeds 200 kg. or The engine power exceeds 8 kW (about 10.88 hp), however, there are nuances associated with the classification of the vessel itself.
A kayaking boat is often classified as a “cruising boat” or even “sports equipment” if it is used for sporting purposes. But (once) you install the engine, it becomes a small boat. If the engine power is less than 10.88 hp (which is the standard for kayaking), and the total weight of the kayaking kit (with motor, battery, things) is less than 200 kg, then registration is not required. But water inspectors may have a different opinion if they see signs of commercial use or safety violations.
It is also important to consider the categories of water bodies. Even on an unregistered vessel, you are required to comply with the rules of navigation, have a life jacket for each passenger and a scoop vessel. Lack of rights to drive (if power is less than 10 hp) does not exempt from liability for violation of the rules. In some regions, local prohibitions on the movement of motorized vessels in certain areas, which are worth knowing in advance.
For peace of mind and to avoid fines, if you plan to go out often with the engine, it makes sense to check in, get a boat's ticket and number, it will also make it easier to find the boat in case of a hijacking or loss. Documents should always be with you, preferably in sealed packaging.
Practical advice on operation and storage
The operation of the kayak for an outboard motor imposes its own requirements for care. Salt, sand, tin and gasoline are the main enemies of inflatable elements and fasteners. After each exit, especially over salt water, you must thoroughly wash the body and the transom with fresh water. The motor also requires washing the cooling system, even if you use an electric motor (to remove corrosive salts from metal parts).
It is not recommended to store the kayak with the installed transom in assembled form if the transom is removable. Metal elements can oxidize at contact points with the fabric, especially in a wet environment. It is better to dismantle the transom, dry the attachment sites and store the boat in a straightened or slightly folded form (depending on the type of PVC material) at room temperature.
Regular lubrication with silicone spray of contact points of the transom belts with cylinders prolongs the life of the fabric and prevents PVC from drying out on the folds.
When transported on a car or roof, it is better to remove the engine so as not to create unnecessary sailing and load on the transom. If you can not remove it (for example, you have a stationary installation), make sure that the motor is securely fixed and covered with a cover so that the oncoming air flow does not cause debris on the carburetor or electrician.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can I put the 5 hp engine on a kayak designed for 2 hp?
Theoretically, it is possible if the transom can withstand weight and emphasis, but this is the case. dangerouslyThe hull may not be able to withstand the increased pressure of compression and stretching, which will cause the seams to break, and the control of such a boat will become unpredictable.
Do I need rights to drive a 1 hp electric kayak?
No, if the engine power is less than 10.88 hp (8 kW) and the weight of the boat in use does not exceed 200 kg, category "G" rights are not required, however, safety regulations and the presence of a vest are mandatory.
Which battery is better to choose for an electric motor on a kayak?
The best choice is LiFePO4 (lithium-iron-phosphate) battery capacity of 20-30 Ah. It is lighter than the lead analogue by 2-3 times, which is critical for balancing a light kayak, and has a greater resource of charge cycles.
Will the kayak develop for an outboard motor before planing?
Most tourist kayaks are not designed to be plane due to the shape of the bottom and the softness of the cylinders. They remain in displacement mode. Attempting to plane can lead to loss of stability and rollover.