Choosing the first outboard motor for a boat is always a search for a balance between price, reliability and power. In the budget segment of the boating market, the products of the Chinese company stand out. ToyamaThe 5 horsepower model with a two-stroke cycle has become a kind of “people’s” engine, which is often chosen by beginners and experienced water engines for the configuration of light PVC boats or small metal “kazak”.
Why is this particular ligament -- 5 hp and two-stroke engine The fact that this power class in many regions allows you to operate a boat without GIMS license, if the total power does not exceed the threshold value (usually up to 10 hp, but the rules can change, and this must be considered), in addition, the two-stroke scheme provides excellent traction at low revs, which is critical for the plane with full load.
In this article, we will discuss the technical features in detail. Toyama TM5TS (or similar modifications), discuss the actual fuel consumption, the nuances of the break-in and possible improvements, and you will learn what to expect from this unit in real-world conditions, not just in advertising brochures.
Design features and technical specifications
outboard motor Toyama The 5 hp engine is a classic example of modern low-end engineering, and it's built in a two-stroke system that blows through cylinder windows, which means that the grease of the rubbing vapors is oil added directly to the gasoline, and the cylinder's displacement is usually about 98 cubic centimeters, which is the standard for this power class.
The most important element of the design is the ignition system, which uses an electronic CDI (Capacitor Discharge Ignition), which does not require adjustment of the gaps and provides a stable spark even when operating at low revs. Cooling system Forced, water-based, with water drawn through a lower unit intake, which allows the motor to run for long periods without the risk of overheating, unlike some airborne counterparts.
The weight of the engine is one of its main trump cards. Thanks to the use of light alloys and the absence of complex gas distribution mechanisms, the mass of the unit is only about 19-20 kilograms, which makes it easy to transport it in the trunk of a passenger car or even carry it manually over long distances. The transom mount is standard, suitable for most boats with a transomnia height of 381 mm (15 inches).
A critically important parameter is the gear ratio of the gearbox, which in Toyama 5 hp is usually 2.08:1. This provides optimal torque on the propeller, allowing the boat to confidently overcome overgrown areas or go to the plane with two passengers on board.
When buying, be sure to check the presence of a valid certificate of conformity of the EAEU - without this document, you will not be able to register a boat with the GIMS if it is required by law.
Advantages of two-stroke scheme in the class of 5 hp
When you choose between two-stroke and four-stroke, many people hesitate. But in 5 hp, two-strokes often win over a number of things. First, it's power density. Two-stroke cycles allow you to burn the fuel mixture every turn of the crankshaft, while four-strokes only every second, which gives a sharper response to the handle of gas.
Second, two-stroke engines. Toyama They don't fear transportation in any position, and the lack of a crankcase with oil allows you to put the motor on your side or even flip it upside down when you load it into the car without fear of lubrication leaking out or oil getting into the combustion chamber, which is a huge plus for inflatable boat owners who often have to take the motor out of the water.
The third advantage is simple design and maintainability, fewer moving parts means less risk of failure, easier to diagnose and repair in the field, and lower maintenance costs, as there is no need to replace engine oil and oil filters.
- 🚀 High reception: Instant set of turns and exit to planing even with a heavy load.
- 🎒 Compactness: The ability to transport in any position without the risk of oil leaks.
- 💰 Budgetary: Low cost of the engine and cheapness of consumables.
- 🛠 Simplicity: Minimum electronics and mechanics, which makes it easier to maintain yourself.
However, it is worth remembering the specific requirements: a two-stroke engine requires the preparation of a fuel mixture; you can not just pour gasoline into a tank, like a four-stroke. Violation of the ratio of oil to gasoline (usually 1:25 or 1:50 depending on the manufacturer's recommendation for running and operation) can lead to piston bullies or, conversely, to candle and silencer.
Fuel consumption and efficiency of operation
One of the most common questions that would-be owners are concerned about is how much does this motor "eat?" Manufacturers often give theoretical minimum values, but reality makes its own adjustments. Toyama 5 hp. The average fuel consumption is about 1.5 – 2.0 liters per hour when working at full speed.
At cruising speeds, which are around 70-80% of maximum power, the flow rate drops to 1.0 to 1.2 liters per hour, enough to make a full 4-5 hour fishing or walk on a 10-liter tank. In comparison, four-stroke counterparts can consume 15-20% less fuel, but the difference in fuel price does not pay off immediately.
It is important to consider that the actual flow rate is directly dependent on the load of the boat, the condition of the propeller and the weather. headwind or wave causes the engine to work in a more loaded mode, increasing the consumption of the mixture. Also affects the quality of the preparation of the mixture: too rich mixture (a lot of oil) is not completely burned and is emitted as smoke, increasing the flow rate.
You can use a simple formula to calculate your range: divide the tank by the average flow rate, so with a tank of 12 liters and a flow rate of 1.5 liters per hour, you can walk about 8 hours, which is more than enough for most tasks on small rivers and lakes.
Proper breaking in: step-by-step instructions
How you will run the new engine ToyamaIt's 90 percent of the life. Many people ignore this step, fill the tank full and give it full gas, which is a fatal mistake. A two-stroke engine has to get lost. The piston rings have to fit on the cylinder walls, and the crankshaft bearings have to distribute the lubrication.
The breaking in process takes about 10 liters of fuel (about 2-3 tanks). During this period, you can not give full gas. It is recommended to work at speeds not exceeding 50% of the maximum. It is also important to observe the proportion of oil. For breaking in, it is often recommended to make the mixture slightly richer in oil, for example, 1:25, even if the instructions for operation indicate 1:50 (check this in the manual for a particular model).
☑️ Checklist before starting new engine
After the first half-power tanks are developed, you can gradually increase the load. Every 10 minutes of work, add 10% gas until you reach 80%. Full power (100% gas) can only be given after 5-10 liters of the mixture are produced. Remember to take breaks every 30-40 minutes to cool the engine.
⚠️ Attention: Never run the engine dry outside the water! Even a few seconds of operation without water cooling will deform the lower unit and burn the impeller pump. Always lower the motor into water or use a special barrel-sludge.
Tuning and improvement: what can be improved?
Chinese engines, including ToyamaOwners are often the object of tuning, they are looking to improve reliability or add comfort. The most popular and useful type of modification is to replace the standard propeller. Standard propellers often have a pitch that is not optimal for specific conditions (for example, too “heavy” for a single-person inflatable boat).
The second important element of the redesign is the installation of a remote fuel tank, the regular built-in tank is small (about 1.2 liters), which makes it often to top up the fuel, installing a 12-liter tank with a fuel filter-sludge solves the problem of the range and protects the carburetor from debris, and it also allows you to move the source of gasoline vapor away from passengers.
The third aspect is noise insulation, two-stroke motors are louder than four-stroke motors, and installing a homemade or purchased muffler resonator (called a boot) on the exhaust window reduces noise by 30 to 40 percent, which is especially important for fishing, where silence is key to success.
The secret to a quiet move
Many owners install damping pads made of microporous rubber under the transom plate, which reduces vibration transmitted to the boat hull, which also subjectively makes the engine quieter.
And the spark plugs are often of poor quality, and they're replaced by quality candles (e.g., the ignition plugs). NGK) with the correct potassium number, improves engine stability and facilitates cold start-up.
Comparison with competitors: Honda, Tohatsu, Hidea
There are many analogues on the market. Toyama 5 hp. So for objectivity, let's compare it to market leaders and direct competition.