Motor Hi 22: features, device and operating tips

The Hi 22 outboard motor is a well-deserved legend of Soviet and post-Soviet small shipbuilding, and remains in demand decades after production began. This two-stroke unit, developed on the basis of the earlier Arrow, was created as a versatile solution for fishermen and tourists who need reliable traction on small water bodies. Despite its venerable age, many owners still successfully operate these engines, valuing them for their simplicity and maintainability.

The main feature of this model is its carburetor The engine is powered and air-cooled, which makes the device independent of the availability of water for the cooling system to operate, although the lower unit pipe itself is immersed in a reservoir. The engine design allows it to be used in shallow waters where other engines could quickly fail due to sludge or algae getting on the water intake, a feature that often becomes a decisive factor when choosing a used instance for fishing in overgrown bays.

It is important for the modern user to understand that Hey, 22. Unlike today's four-stroke Japanese or Chinese engines, this engine does not forgive negligence in the preparation of the fuel mixture and requires periodic ignition adjustment, but if you are willing to devote time to maintenance, it will give years of faithful service, providing a confident getting on plane with a light inflatable boat or a small metal boat.

Main technical parameters of the engine

Discuss specification Hi 22, it is impossible not to note its compactness and relatively low weight, which was critical for tourists carrying equipment with a fiber. The engine develops a power of 3.3 horsepower (or 2.2 kW), which for its time was an excellent indicator for the class of engines up to 5 hp The cylinder capacity is 220 cubic centimeters, and the maximum number of revolutions per minute reaches 4500-5000, depending on the quality of the setting and the condition of the piston group.

Particular attention should be paid to the fuel supply system, which uses AI-72 or AI-76 gasoline (according to the old classification), mixed with engine oil in a ratio of 1:25. A critically important parameter is the gap between the candle and the body, which should be strictly 0.5 mm.Because it's the quality of sparking and the stability of idling, and the ignition system is magdino-magnetic, which eliminates the need for an external battery to start, making the motor fully autonomous.

The overall dimensions make it easy to transport the unit in the trunk of a passenger car, especially if you disconnect the lower unit leg, which is provided by the design. The weight of the engine in running order (without fuel) is about 13.5 kg, which is a comfortable indicator for installation on light PVC boats with a carrying capacity of up to 220 kg. Below is a table with basic digital data for quick review.

Parameter	Meaning	Units of measurement
Maximum power	3.3	hp (2.2 kW)
Workload	220	cm3
Maximum speeds	4500-5000	min
Weight (dry)	13.5	kilogram
Fuel consumption (max)	1.6	l-hour

It is important to note that the real figures may differ from the data-sheet figures, especially if the engine has a solid mileage. Wear of piston rings or leakage of the osteoils can significantly reduce compression and, as a result, traction specifications. Therefore, when buying a used copy, you should always check the compression with a compressometer, where the normal pressure is at least 6-7 atmospheres.

Design features and device

Construction of the motor Hello 22 is based on a time-tested scheme of a two-stroke internal combustion engine with a crank-chamber purge. The crank-shaking mechanism It's located in a crankcase that also serves as a blow pump, and it's a highly reliable design that requires a high-quality lubrication that's done entirely by the oil added to the gasoline, and the absence of a separate lubrication system simplifies the design, but it imposes a lot of demands on the quality of the oil used.

The cooling system is based on the principle of washing heated parts with off-shore water when the boat is moving, and a lower unit pipe submerged in water removes heat from the exhaust gases and the bottom of the engine. Magneto MB-1.The engine-mounted ignition sparks the spark plug regardless of the crankshaft speed, which makes it easier to start, but it is worth remembering that if you run at high speeds for long periods without sufficient cooling (for example, when you move against a strong current), you can overheat.

⚠️ Warning: Never start the Hi 22 motor out of water or without enough diving of the lower unit. A lack of water cooling even for 30-40 seconds can lead to thermal expansion of the piston and bullying in the cylinder, which will require major repairs.

The tranza mount allows the motor to be fixed on the stern of the boat with the possibility of tilting to overcome shallow water or lift the screw when mooring. The engine screw has a diameter that is optimal for the development of thrust at low and medium revs, making it ideal for trolling or quiet movement. The design provides for the use of a starter cord, the winding of which requires a certain skill to avoid crossovers.

Fuel consumption and economy

Question fuel-flow The passenger consumption of the Hi 22 engine is about 1.6 liters per hour when working at full speed. However, in practice, when driving in trolling mode or at medium speeds, the real consumption is often lower and can be 0.8-1.0 liters per hour. This makes the engine quite economical for its class, allowing you to spend a whole day on the water with one full tank of 10-12 liters.

The economy depends on the quality of the fuel mixture and the configuration of the carburetor. If the mixture is too rich (lots of oil or little air), the engine will start to smoke, the candle will be covered with a garlic, and the consumption will increase by 20-30%. On the contrary, a poor mixture can lead to overheating and burnout of the piston. The optimal ratio of gasoline and oil (usually 1:25 for running and 1:30-1:40 for old oils, or 1:50 for modern synthetics) should be selected experimentally, focusing on the color of the exhaust and engine performance.

Modern synthetic oils for two-stroke engines allow you to slightly increase the intervals of replacement and reduce the amount of soak, but their use in older engines like Hello 22 requires caution. mineral-oilThe s that the engine was designed to use have different lubricating properties, and switching to synthetics may require reconfiguration of the carburetor as the viscosity of the mixture changes.

How to calculate a mixture of oil and gasoline?

To get a mixture of 1:25 (4%), you need to add 40 ml of oil per 1 liter of gasoline. For 10 liters of gasoline, 400 ml of oil is required. Dosage accuracy is critical for engine life.

Weather is also a factor that must be discounted: When headwinds or waves run high, fuel consumption inevitably increases, as the engine has to work harder to maintain speed. When planning a long trip, always stock up on 30% of your estimated fuel to avoid unpleasant situations far from shore.

Maintenance and adjustment of the carburetor

Adjustment carburetor This is a skill that every motorist must learn, Hi 22. A K-36 carburetor or modification requires periodic cleaning of the jellyplates and adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber. The main task of adjustment is to ensure that the engine is stable at idle and a smooth set of revolutions without dips. This uses a mixture quality screw and idle speed screw.

The adjustment process starts with the engine warming up. After 3-5 minutes of running at medium speeds, you should try to reduce the gas to a minimum. If the engine stalls, you should turn the screw of the quality of the mixture a little bit. If the revolutions are floating, perhaps the system is sucked in excess air through the gaskets, which is a common problem for older engines due to the drying of rubber.

The spark plug is an indicator of engine health. The normal color of the coar on the electrodes should be brick brown; black, velvety soda indicates an over-enriched mixture or an excess of oil; white soda or melted electrode indicates work on a poor mixture and the danger of overheating; Regular visual inspection of the candle allows you to identify problems in the work of the cylinder-piston group in time.

⚠️ Attention: When cleaning a carburetor, it is strictly forbidden to use metal wire or hard brushes to clean the jellyclera. This can change the caliber of the hole and violate the accuracy of the fuel dosage. Use only aerosol carburetor cleaners and compressed air purges.

Typical malfunctions and methods of their elimination

During operation, owners of the Hi 22 motor can face a number of typical problems, most of which are solved in the field. sparklessnessThe reasons can be trivial: the load on the candle, the break in the gap in the magneto interrupter or the break of the high voltage wire, the check should begin with changing the candle to a clearly serviceable one.

Another common problem is power loss and inability to go plane, often due to coking of exhaust windows in the cylinder or wear of piston rings. The first requires disassembly of the engine and removal of the coarse, the second requires replacement of rings or piston. It is also worth checking the condition of the lower unit: overgrown shells or the presence of dents on the screw can significantly reduce the efficiency of the propulsion.

Fuel leaks are usually associated with wear and tear between the carburetor and the cylinder or damage to the fuel hoses. As the engine vibrates when running, rubber cells lose elasticity over time. Regular stretching of fasteners and replacing hoses once a season will help avoid fire hazards and fuel losses.

Comparison with modern analogues and conclusions

Comparative. Hey, 22. With modern Chinese or Japanese two-strokes, 2 to 3 hp, there are advantages and disadvantages to Soviet design, including a metal lower unit that is harder to damage against stones, and a simpler, "rough" design that is less sensitive to fuel quality. Modern counterparts often gain in weight and environmental friendliness, but may be less repairable in the absence of service centers.

The motor is great for retro enthusiasts, budget fishermen, or emergency backups, and can run thousands of hours of motorcycle life when properly maintained, as evidenced by the many surviving examples. However, if you want maximum efficiency, low noise and no smoke, modern four-stroke models will be preferable, albeit much more expensive.

In conclusion, the Hi 22 motor is a reliable worker who, when treated correctly, can surprise you with its vitality, and with its understanding and timely maintenance, you can enjoy fishing and cruising without fear of sudden breakdowns, a technique for those who like to understand machinery and appreciate simplicity and reliability.

What is the best way to get gasoline in the engine?

The AI-92 gasoline is the best choice. Although the engine was designed for low-octane fuels, the current additives in the AI-92 provide more stable combustion and less carbonation. Using the AI-95 makes little sense and can lead to more rigid engine operation due to the high octane number.

Why does the engine smoke blue smoke?

Blue smoke indicates burning large amounts of oil, which can be caused by a misproportion of the mixture (too much oil), the use of the wrong type of oil, or wear of crankshaft glands when oil from the gearbox or the external environment enters the combustion chamber.

How often should I change the spark plug?

It is recommended to inspect and clean the candle every 10-15 hours. It is better to replace the candle once a season or if you have problems with starting and operating the engine.

Can I use the Hi 22 motor on salt water?

You can use it, but with caution. Aluminum alloys are susceptible to corrosion in salt water. After each exit, you need to thoroughly wash the engine with fresh water, lubricate it with corrosion-protective compounds and not leave it in water for a long time unnecessarily.