Upgrading the ZMZ-402 engine ignition system is one of the most effective ways to improve the performance of the legendary SUV. contact-system ignition, installed in the factory, has a number of design disadvantages, which are especially noticeable when operating the car in difficult conditions or under high loads. contactless ignition (FI) It allows not only to stabilize the operation of the engine, but also to significantly increase its efficiency.
The main problem with the standard solution is the contact interrupter, which wears out over time, requiring constant adjustment of the gap and replacement of the condenser, as a result, the spark becomes unstable, especially at high revs, which leads to thrust failures and incomplete combustion of fuel. switchboard and hall-sensor completely eliminates mechanical wear in the low voltage circuit, providing a powerful and stable spark formation in any modes of operation of the engine.
Owners of UAZs who choose to do this often note improved acceleration dynamics and more confident start-up in wet weather. It is important to understand that the installation process requires attention to detail and the right selection of components, as the market offers many options kits. A critical point is to choose a vacuum corrector compatible with your engine's camshaft to avoid detonation.
Benefits of switching to a contactless system
The first and most obvious benefit of the upgrade is that you don't need to maintain the contact group regularly, so you don't have to clean the interrupter's contacts with a cover or worry about sticking the mobile contact. System resource increases significantly, and maintenance is reduced to timely replacement of candles and checking of high-voltage wires.
The second important aspect is the quality of the spark. The standard ignition coil paired with the interrupter is not able to produce voltages above 10-12 kV, whereas the BSZ system generates a discharge of up to 25-30 kV. This is especially true for engines with high mileage, where the gaps between the candle electrodes can be increased, and the compression in the cylinders is not ideal.
In addition, electronic ignition has a positive effect on work. spark plugA powerful spark helps candles clean themselves of soot, which prevents the engine from tripling at idle speeds. The engine starts to work softer, vibration levels decrease, and fuel consumption can decrease by 1-2 liters per 100 km of travel if properly set up.
Required components and equipment selection
For high-quality installation of the HIZ at UAZ 402, you will need to purchase a full set of equipment. The market offers both ready-made solutions from domestic manufacturers (for example, the market offers a wide range of products). orbital, SOATE), and individual components that can be combined, the basis of the system is an ignition distributor (trumbler) with a built-in Hall sensor.
It is important to choose the right type of vacuum corrector, because the engines ZMZ-402 produced in different versions, there are tramblers with a vacuum corrector connected directly to the movable plate, and options where the corrector acts on the rod. Incompatibility These elements will lead to the impossibility of correctly setting the ignition advance angle.
⚠️ Note: When buying a trambler, be sure to check the presence of the marking "30.3706" or similar, indicating compatibility with the ZMZ-402 engine. The use of a trambler from VAZ or other engines without reworking the drive is unacceptable.
In addition to the trampler, you will need: a switch (usually 4-contact), a ignition coil (preferably with additional resistance or an adapter for the regular), burn wires and candles. For UAZ, the best choice will be candles with a potassium number 17 (according to the Russian classification) or A17DWR.
- 🔧 Trambler 30.3706 The main node that replaces the regular interrupter-distributor.
- ⚡ Switch 13.3734 - electronic current control unit in the primary chain of the coil.
- 🔋 Coil B-116 or a high-transformation ratio analogue for the BSZ.
- 🕯️ Ignition plugs It is recommended to install new candles with the correct gap (0.8-0.9 mm).
Dismantling of the standard ignition system
The installation process begins with the dismantling of old equipment. Before starting work, be sure to remove the negative terminal from the battery to avoid short circuit. First, disconnect the central high-voltage wire from the distributor lid and remove the wires from the candles, remembering their order (or marking them with a marker).
Then you have to remove the ignition distributor itself. To do this, unscrew the nut of the mounting of the pressing plate on the engine body. Carefully remove the trampler, trying not to drop the gear drive into the oil channel (although on the ZMZ-402 it usually remains on the shaft). disconnect the wires from the ignition coil and remove it from the bracket.
If your vehicle is installed resistor (a ceramic barrel or an extra coil) that needs to be dismantled because it's not used in the HIPC system. The switch takes over the function of limiting current. Clean the trambler seat of dirt and oil.
☑️ Preparations for dismantling
Installation of a new trambler and switch
Installing a new distributor requires precision. First, you need to place the engine close to the top dead point (HMT) of the first cylinder. To do this, scroll the crankshaft to match the tag on the pulley with the risk on the front cover of the engine. The rotor of the new tramblor should look towards the contact of the first cylinder on the lid.
Carefully lower the shaft of the new trambler into the landing hole, while ensuring that the gear drive correctly hooks with the shaft of the oil pump. After installation, tighten the clamping nut, but do not fix the trambler rigidly so that you can rotate the body for adjustment.
The switch is best secured to the metal partition of the engine compartment or on the spray, ensuring good contact with the "mass". It is not recommended to attach it directly to the engine due to vibrations, as well as in places where direct heating from the exhaust manifold is possible. Connect the wires according to the color marking or scheme attached to the kit.
⚠️ Warning: Never turn on the ignition when the trambler cap is removed or the center wire is disconnected. This can cause the high voltage voltage to break down on the body and the switch to fail.
Pay special attention to connecting the ignition coil. In the HIPC system, one of the contacts of the coil (usually a "K" or "B") is fed a full voltage of 12V, bypassing the additional resistance. If you leave a standard coil with two "B" pins, make sure that it is suitable for operation without an external resistor, or use a special coil for the HIPC.
Connection scheme and electrical connections
The electrical circuitry for connecting the HIZ to the UAZ 402 is quite simple, but it requires care. The main difference from the standard circuit is the appearance of the switch and the change in the logic of the coil. All connections must be made reliably, using high-quality insulation, since moisture and vibration are always present in the UAZ engine compartment.
The switch's black wire connects to the body mass or engine mass. Red (or red stripe) goes to the ignition lock (after the lock where +12V appears when ignition is turned on). The remaining two wires connect to the coil terminals and the tramblor connector. Color markings may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, so always check the instructions for the specific kit.
Do I need to change the high voltage wires?
Yes, regular wires often have high resistance and are not designed for 25-30 kV. It is recommended to install silicone wires with zero or low resistance (for example, Tesla, Cables) for maximum spark efficiency.
For ease of inspection and diagnosis, it is recommended to install a voltmeter in the power supply circuit of the switch or use an indicator screwdriver to monitor the presence of a signal. Proper switching ensures the protection of the electronic unit from voltage surges in the onboard network.
| Component | Function in the HIPC system | Features of connection |
|---|---|---|
| Hall's sensor. | Creates impulses of control | Located inside the tramblor, requires power 12V |
| Switch | Commutes current in the primary circuit | Requires reliable grounding and cooling |
| Coil | Converts voltage to high voltage | Connects directly to the 12B onboard network |
| Vacuum-corrector | Adjusts the angle of advance | The tube is connected to the carburetor (to throttle) |
Setting the ignition advance angle
Once all components are installed, you need to set the initial ignition advance angle (IEO) -- a critical step that determines engine power and no knock -- and the easiest way to use a strobe is to connect it to the first cylinder and point it at the pulley marks when the engine is running.
If you don't have a strobe, you can use the hearing method or the control light. Turn on the ignition and slowly turn the trambler body counterclockwise until the light bulb (connected to the mass and low-voltage input of the coil) lights up. Lock the trambler in this position.
When using a strobe, the tag on the pulley should coincide with the risk on the engine cover at idle speeds (700-800 rpm).
After the initial setup, you need to conduct a test trip. Accelerate the car to 50-60 km / h in 4th gear and sharply press the gas pedal. If you hear a short-term detonation (finger ringing) that quickly disappears, the setting is correct. If the detonation is strong and long, turn the trampler 1-2 mm clockwise (late ignition). If there is no detonation at all and the dynamics are sluggish, turn counterclockwise (early ignition).
Frequent errors and troubleshooting
Even with proper installation, you can have problems starting or running the engine, and one of the most common mistakes is that the vacuum tube is not connected properly, and it has to connect to the carburetor channel, where there is a thinning when the throttle is opened, and if you confuse the holes, the engine will stall or work unstablely.
There is also a frequent problem with the mass, poor contact of the switch with the body leads to overheating and failure, be sure to clear the mounting site to metal and use graphite lubricant to prevent oxidation. Switch overheating The main enemy of the BSZ system.
⚠️ Attention: If the engine dies immediately after the starter is released, check the power supply chain of the coil. In some circuits, you need to ensure that the voltage is applied to the coil through a separate relay or diode so that the circuit does not break when the starter is turned off.
Another cause of instability may be a malfunction of the Hall sensor itself or an incorrect gap in the magnetic conductor (although in ready-made tramplers it is usually exposed by the factory). If there is a spark, but weak, check the voltage at the switch output and the state of high-voltage wires.
The quality of the BSZ installation depends on the reliability of electrical contacts and the correct setting of the initial ignition advance angle.
The results of modernization and economic effect
The electronic ignition unit at the UAZ 402 is an investment that pays off by reducing fuel consumption and increasing engine life. The lack of mechanical sparking and stable operation of the system allow the engine to operate in more optimal temperature conditions, which reduces the wear of the piston group.
The cost of a full set of HIZs is incommensurable with the comfort that the driver gets, problems with wet candles disappear after parking, the engine confidently starts in the cold and does not require adjustment for tens of thousands of kilometers, for the owner of the UAZ, this is one of the most rational types of tuning.
In conclusion, it should be noted that the HIPC system is an intermediate stage before installing microprocessor engine control systems (for example, the engine control system is used for the installation of the engine). OHC-103 or injection systems, but even as an independent solution, it demonstrates high efficiency and reliability.
Do I need to change the drive of the trambler when installing the BSZ?
The gear of the new BCF trambler for the 402 is identical to the standard one. However, if you change the whole trambler, make sure that the shaft length and type of tailing match your engine modification (early and late releases may differ).
Can I leave old candles when switching to BSZ?
Old candles may have a garnish or a larger gap, which will reduce the effectiveness of the new system, and it is better to install new candles with the potassium number recommended for HSV (usually A17DVR or NGK/Brisk analogues).
Why does the switch heat up after installation?
The switch must be warmed, but not to temperatures where you can't hold your hand. Strong heating indicates poor contact with mass, malfunction of the coil (short circuit in the primary) or no gap in the magnetic circuit of the Hall sensor.
Does the HSV affect the generator?
However, more stable engine operation and no ignition passes can improve battery charging at idle speeds, as the engine runs smoother and the generator produces a more stable voltage.
What's the resource of Hall's sensor?
The Hall sensor is much more powerful than the contact group, and with a proper electrician and moisture protection, it can serve 80,000 to 100,000 kilometers or more, and failure is most often due to a wire break or a power surge in the onboard network.