Owners of the legendary SUV UAZ 469 It's well known that the reliability of this car often borders on austerity, but even time-tested components have failures. One of the most vulnerable systems, especially during autumn rains and winter snowfalls, is the mechanism. windshield-cleaningExactly. wiper-motor The old sample takes on the main load, forcing the brushes to move with the necessary speed and effort.
When this electric motor fails, visibility in difficult weather conditions drops to almost zero, making further movement extremely dangerous. maintenanceUnderstanding how to work and being able to quickly diagnose a fault can save you from waiting for help on the track for a long time.
In this article, we will analyze Construction of the node in detail, consider typical breakdowns. gearbox We'll give you a step-by-step replacement instruction, and you'll learn how to extend the life of the mechanism and what nuances to consider when choosing spare parts for a Soviet SUV.
⚠️ Warning: Before starting any work with the electric car, be sure to remove the terminal from the battery. Short circuit in the wiring of the UAZ 469 can lead to insulation fire.
Design and features of the old type electric motor
The windshield wiper motor installed at UAZ 469 of early release is a two-speed DC unit, its design is based on time-tested solutions whereby the electric windshield wiper is powered by a two-speed DC unit. collector And the thing about this is that it's designed to work in tough off-road environments, where humidity and dirt are constant companions.
Inside the enclosure are two excitation windings that allow the switching of operating modes. The first speed is designed for normal rain, and the second one is turned on when heavy rainfall. heat-fuseIt protects the unit from overload, although in older models it often fails before the engine itself.
Technical specifications of the motor
Nominal voltage: 12V; Consumed current (1 speed): no more than 3.5A; Consumed current (2 speed): no more than 5.0A; Frequency of rotation of the output shaft: 20-30 rpm.
The motor is mounted through special rubber metal supports that dampen the vibrations, but over time these elements tan or break down, which leads to the transfer of vibration to the body and metal ringing when working. gearbox inside the body is filled with a consistent lubricant, which has the property of thickening in the cold, creating additional resistance.
Diagnostics of malfunctions: electrician or mechanic?
Before you dismantle the unit for replacement, you need to determine exactly the cause of failure. wiper-motorAlthough the problem is oxidized contacts or a fuse that has burned out, the primary diagnosis starts with checking the voltage on the power connector when the ignition is on and the switch is activated.
If the current is coming in, but the shaft is not rotating, most likely worn out brush-knot Or you've got brushes stuck in the manifold, and you've also had a problem with the wire breaking at the exit point of the engine housing, where the insulation is rubbed against vibration, and in the case of the motor buzzing but the windshield wiper is not moving, the problem is almost certainly the mechanical part, whether it's cut the slats off on the shaft or jammed the gearbox.
To test the performance, you can apply the voltage directly from the battery using two wires, which will prevent the steering switch or wiring from malfunctioning. If the motor is running confidently when connecting directly, look for a problem in the engine. circuitry car.
⚠️ Attention: When applying battery voltage directly, monitor polarity. Reverse connection can short circuit and damage the wiring.
Step-by-step instructions for removal and installation
Replacement electric-motor The UAZ 469 does not require any sophisticated tools, but access to the assembly can be limited by the design of the cabin. First, you need to remove the decorative caps from the windshield wiper levers and unscrew the nuts of the levers themselves. After that, carefully remove the levers, trying not to damage the torsion, which returns the brushes to their original position.
Then disconnect the electrical connector and unscrew the bolts of the motor body attachment to the body or bracket. On older models, bolts are often knitted, so it is recommended to pre-treat them with penetrating lubricant. Remove the drive thrusts from the output shafts of the gearbox if the design involves detaching them.
☑️ Checklist before installation
The new assembly is installed in reverse sequence, and it's important to combine the gearbox output shaft and the thrust correctly to ensure that the brushes are running correctly. Once the motor is fixed, take your time to complete the task, and run a test run to make sure that the brushes are running correctly and that there is no extraneous noise.
Repair of the gearbox and replacement of lubricant
Often the cause of quiet work or complete stop wipers is dried or leaked lubricant in the gearbox. Worm transmission inside the case requires a constant presence of thick lubricant, and if you hear a strong hum or creak when you're working, this is a sure sign that the rubbing parts are working "dry."
To maintain, you need to disassemble the gearbox body, carefully removing the worm steam. The old lubricant should be completely removed with solvent or gasoline. New parts or cleaned old ones are abundantly lubricated with a specialized composition, such as Litol-24 or TsIATIM-201, which retain their properties at low temperatures.
| Component | Type of malfunction | A symptom. | Elimination method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Worm pair | Teeth wear and tear | Luft, knock. | Replacement of gear |
| Bearings | Clip-shattering | Squeal, jamming | Bearing replacement |
| Lubricant | Drying out | Hum, slow work. | Lubrication replacement |
| Val Val | Corrosion | Tight move | Cleaning and polishing |
When you assemble, pay attention to the condition of the omentums. If they crack, they need to be replaced, otherwise the new lubricant will quickly wash out with water. conservation internal mechanisms - the pledge of long service of the unit in conditions of Russian off-road.
Tip: When assembling the gearbox, don't stuff the lubricant too tight. The excess will create excess pressure and can squeeze out the glands, staining the windshield.
Replacement of brushes and manifold maintenance
The electrical part of the motor also needs attention. graphite brushesOver time, they wear off, contact with the manifold deteriorates, and the engine stops starting or is interrupted, and replacing brushes is a simple procedure, but it requires care.
Remove the back cover of the engine to access the brush holder. Remove the old brushes and check the condition of the springs. If the springs are weakened, the contact will be unstable. The collector itself (copper plates on the rotor) must be clean and smooth. The presence of soak or oxides can be eliminated with small sandpaper (zero).
After installing new brushes, it is recommended to allow the engine to work idling for several minutes without loading, this will allow the brushes to gray to the shape of the collector, ensuring maximum contact area and stable operation. circuit.
Connection scheme and system refinement
Standard. connection The wiper on UAZ 469 includes a switch, electric motor and a block of bimetallic fuses. However, many owners are faced with the fact that the regular wiring has an insufficient cross section, which leads to a voltage drop and slow operation of the wipers.
To improve the situation, you can install an additional relay, which allows the main current to be sent through thick wires directly from the battery, and the standard switch will only control the relay winding, which greatly improves the reliability of the system and the speed of the mechanism reaction.
Installation of an additional relay in the power supply chain of wipers is the most effective revision, eliminating the problem of "sluggish" brushes on old UAZs.
When upgrading, it is important to use wires with a cross section of at least 1.5 square meters. mm and be sure to install a fuse in the rupture of the relay supply chain. This will protect the car from fire in the event of a circuit in the new assembly.
⚠️ Note: Do not use "bugs" instead of fuses. Electrical wiring UAZ 469 is not designed for constant overload and can melt.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can I get a motor from newer UAZ models?
Yes, often owners install nodes from UAZ 3151 or even Patriot, but this will require reworking the mounts and possibly changing the connection scheme, as the dimensions and connectors may differ.
Why do the janitors stop at any place?
The brushes are returned to the parking position by a special device inside the gearbox (contact group) if it is contaminated or oxidized, the motor will stop where you turned it off.
Which lubricant is best for a gearbox in winter?
The optimal choice is considered to be lithium-based lubricants with a temperature range of up to -40 ° C, for example, Litol-24 imported or specialized graphite lubricants.
How often should you lubricate the wiper motor?
It is recommended to carry out preventive maintenance, including checking and replacing the lubricant, at least once every two years or when foreign sounds appear.